On this day: Funeral of Labour leader John Smith

1588: The Spanish Armada set sail from Lisbon on a mission to invade England. It comprised 129 ships sent by Phillip II of Spain.

1835: Otto is named the first modern king of Greece.

1840: York Minster was badly damaged by fire.

1862: Abraham Lincoln, the United States president, signs the Homestead Act into law.

1873: Levi Strauss and Jacob Davis received a United States patent for blue jeans with copper rivets.

1883: Krakatoa begins to erupt. The volcano’s final and most notable explosion occurred on 26 August.

1902: Cuba gains independence from the United States. Tomás Estrada Palma became the first president of Cuba.

1932: Amelia Earhart became the first woman to make a solo air crossing of the Atlantic.

1940: The first prisoners arrived at a new concentration camp at Auschwitz.

1941: Germany began an aerial invasion of Crete.

1956: The Americans dropped their first hydrogen bomb over Bikini atoll in the Marshall Islands of the Pacific.

1965: PIA Flight 705, a Pakistan International Airlines Boeing 720-040 B, crashed while descending to land at Cairo International Airport, killing 119 of the 125 passengers and crew.

1969: The Battle of Hamburger Hill in Vietnam ended.

1983: First publications of the discovery of the HIV virus that causes Aids in the journal Science by Luc Montagnier and Robert Gallo individually.

1990: An Israeli gunman killed seven Arab workers, setting off serious riots in the occupied territories in which seven more Arabs died as Israeli troops were called in.

1991: The USSR passed a law allowing Soviet citizens to leave the country of their own free will.

1993: The House of Commons gave the Maastricht Treaty bill its third reading. Forty-one Conservative MPs voted against the agreement.

1994: Cluny Parish Church in Edinburgh was packed and 2,000 people stood in the streets outside for the funeral service of the Labour leader, John Smith.

2002: The independence of East Timor was recognised by Portugal, formally ending 23 years of Indonesian rule and three years of provisional United Nations administration.

2009: An Indonesian military transport plane carrying troops and their families crashed on the island of Java, killing more than 100 people.

2010: The first annual Everybody Draw Muhammad Day was celebrated. The event caused Pakistan to shut down the social networking site Facebook in the country in protest.

2013: A tornado, which reached speeds of 210mph, swept through Moore, Oklahoma, in the United States, killing 24 people – including ten children – and injuring more than 350 others.

BIRTHDAYS

Cher (Cherilyn Sarkasian), actress and singer, 68; Colin John MacLean Sutherland, Lord Carloway, Senator of the College of Justice in Scotland, 60; Joe Cocker OBE, singer, 70; Lynn Davies CBE, Olympic gold medallist long-jumper, 72; Greg Dyke, director-general, BBC 2000-4, 67; Keith Fletcher, English cricketer and coach, 70; Annabel Giles, television presenter, 55; Nigel Griffiths, former Labour MP (1987-2010), 59; Martin Honeysett, cartoonist and illustrator, 71; Michèle Roberts, novelist, 65; Earl Spencer, 50; Douglas Wyllie, rugby player, 51; Iker Casillas, Spanish World Cup-winning goalkeeper, 33; Petr Cech, Czech footballer, 32; Mary Pope Osborne, author of children’s books, 65.

ANNIVERSARIES

Births: 1799 Honoré de Balzac, French novelist; 1806 John Stuart Mill, philosopher and economist; 1818 William George Fargo, founder of Wells-Fargo Express Company; 1895 Reginald Joseph Mitchell, aircraft designer, including Second World War fighter Spitfire; 1898 Kathleen Hale, writer and illustrator (Orlando the Marmalade Cat); 1904 Margery Allingham, crime writer, creator of Albert Campion; 1908 James Stewart, actor; 1920 Betty Driver MBE, singer and actress (Coronation Street).

Deaths: 1506 Christopher Columbus, navigator and discoverer of the New World; 1864 John Clare, peasant poet (died in lunatic asylum); 1956 Sir Max Beerbohm, writer and caricaturist; 1975 Dame Barbara Hepworth, sculptor; 1994 Jacqueline Onassis, former wife of president John F Kennedy; 1998 Wolf Mankowitz, author, playwright and scriptwriter; 2010 Lord Wolfson of Marylebone, chairman, Wolfson Foundation; 2012 Robin Gibb CBE, singer (Bee Gees); 2013 Ray Manzarek, keyboard player (The Doors).